What is the common term for the combined processes of mixing, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration?

The combined processes of mixing, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration are best described as conventional treatment. This terminology refers to the typical multi-step process used in water treatment plants to ensure that water is properly treated and contaminants are removed before it is distributed for public consumption.

During the mixing phase, chemicals called coagulants are added to the water to help particles clump together. In the flocculation stage, gentle stirring encourages these particles, now known as floc, to bond together into larger aggregates. Following this, sedimentation takes place, where gravity helps the heavier floc particles settle out of the water column, allowing for the clearer water above to be treated further. Finally, filtration removes any remaining particles and impurities, resulting in clean drinking water.

This sequence of operations is fundamental in conventional water treatment processes, distinguishing it from other options such as direct filtration, which skips some steps, or minimum treatment, which may not effectively ensure water quality. Understanding this process is crucial for anyone involved in water treatment, as it provides the framework for achieving high-quality drinking water.