What is the treatment process used to destroy or inactivate disease-causing organisms called?

The treatment process utilized to destroy or inactivate disease-causing organisms is termed disinfection. This step is crucial in ensuring the safety of drinking water by eliminating pathogens that can lead to waterborne diseases. Disinfection methods often include the application of chemicals such as chlorine, ultraviolet light, or ozone, all of which are effective at inactivating bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.

Filtration mainly focuses on removing particles and some pathogens from water but may not be sufficient by itself to eliminate all disease-causing organisms. Oxidation involves chemical reactions that can remove certain contaminants, but it is not primarily aimed at killing organisms. Sanitization refers to reducing microbial life to safe levels, often used in food service or hygiene contexts, rather than specifically targeting water treatment. Thus, disinfection stands out as the primary process designed specifically for ensuring water safety by addressing pathogens directly.